The Character of Zanni in Commedia dellArte Essay Example

The Character of Zanni in Commedia dellArte Paper The Zanni are often referred to as ‘servant’ characters. However, Zanni have traditional uses for filling out other types of careers ranging from shopkeepers to politicians. They all are most commonly shows to be servants of the vecchi (which means ‘old men’) and innamorati (which means the romantic leads, also known as the ‘lovers’). The origin of the term Zanni indicates that rather, they are meant to represent commoners or the everyman. The Zanni are the most versatile of the commedia characters; they may be either working for someone, or may have their own motivations apart from any sides. Some stories, for example, The Marvellous Malady of Harlequin, omit the other character types altogether and focus squarely on the Zanni. The Zanni are often described as masked characters. The main trait which all the Zanni share is that they are supposed to be entertaining. This is most often achieved through comical behaviors and speeches, but can also be done through other methods like acrobatics or dancing. There were common qualities between all the Zanni characters: they all possessed common sense, intelligence, pride, a love for practical jokes and intrigue. The Zanni have a common costume which was a baggy white one, which was originally made of flour sacks: Their mask originates from the full-face Carnival mask: Their signature props include bags, letters, valuables, food and etc. , that belongs to someone else. Zanni stands with an arched back, with his knees bent and apart and his feet spread out. The support knee is bent with the other leg extended, toe pointed. The character changes feet repeatedly while talking or listening within the same position and without its head bobbing up and down. The elbows are bent and the arms half-lifted. We will write a custom essay sample on The Character of Zanni in Commedia dellArte specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Character of Zanni in Commedia dellArte specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Character of Zanni in Commedia dellArte specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are six types of Zanni walk: 1) little Zanni walk: this is a development of the basic stance, foot changing but taking a small step forward on each shift, 2) Big Zanni walk: a curved lumbar is first achieved by sticking chest forward and the backside up, 3) Zanni running: a swift movement with legs kicked alternately to the front with pointed toes, 4) Zanni jubilant: a skipping movement on the toes with the centre of gravity going from side-to-side, 5) Vain Zanni: steps are a smaller version of the big walk, with hands resting on belt, 6) Solider Zanni: hold a stick cupped in one hand and inclined over shoulder like a rifle. Zanni’s movements are dynamic and exaggerated. Their gestures/actions are always urgent. They appear nervous; talk a lot and their head moves constantly. The nose defines the rhythm of his body since it is the center of his actions. The hands are very expressive and constantly used to illustrate what he is saying. While delivering their dialogues, they speak open-mouthed and loud. Bibliography: * Commedia Stock Characters Zanni. Â  Shane Arts Home Page. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Aug. 2013. http://shane-arts. com/Commedia-Zanni. htm

Plessy v Ferguson essays

Plessy v Ferguson essays In 1896 the Supreme Court had held in Plessy v. Ferguson that segregation was allowed as long as equal facilities were provided for both races. Although that decision was made for passenger on railroads, the principle of "separate but equal" was applied thereafter to all aspects of public life. Why after fifty years did the Supreme Court finally decided to overturn the Plessy v. Ferguson decision for the Brown v. Board case? There are many factors that changed the mind of the Supreme Court at this time. The main reason why the Supreme Court overturned the Plessy case came from Chief of Justice Earl Warren. He found that it wrong for children of the same age to be separated from each other while growing up in this world. Many fought for the Brown decision to be passed for example teachers, and industrial workers and many more. Many African Americans from 1896 to 1954 were fighting for their rights and many cases went to the Supreme Court which was denied. The Plessy v. Ferguson case took place in 1896 when a man named Plessy sat in the White section of a car in the train. He was arrest and was put on trail. Plessy went to court and argued that the separate cars violated the Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution. The judge at this time was John Howard Ferguson. He had previously declared the separate cars were "unconstitutional on trains that traveled through several states." However, in regards to the Plessy trial, he stated that Louisiana could regulate railroad companies that only operated within its state. Ferguson found Plessy guilty of refusing to leave the white mans car. Plessy decided to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Louisiana. The Supreme Court of Louisiana still found Plessy quilt. Plessy didnt want to give up and he wanted to fight for his rights. He then decided to take his case to the United States Supreme Court. In 1896, The Supreme Court of the United States found Homer Plessy guilt...

Women, crime, and criminology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women, crime, and criminology - Assignment Example Violations of gender roles were treated in the 19th century by various charitable missions and voluntary social work projects that focused on instilling moral conscience and virtues into wayward girls. Social control over girls primarily targeted status violations, since girls are not as frequently involved in violent crime. Status violations include such things as resisting home or school authority, becoming pregnant, running away (Gelsthorpe & Sharpe, 2006). An overwhelming number of girls reformatories and training schools were established in the early 20th century, 23 established between 1910-1920, and only five established in each decade of the half century prior to that (Schlossman & Wallach, 1985, p. 70). They basically tried to isolate the young women from all males. Into the 20th century, girls were thought to need kind guidance rather than punishment, unlike boys, but they have also been thought to be more difficult to handle. They have been seen as being more emotionally unstable, more vulnerable to bad influence, more psychiatrically challenged, and more stubborn, yet less criminally inclined. Their efforts to engage in freedom beyond the socio-culturally and religiously encouraged gender role expectations were routinely seen from a medical model of pathology and a religious model of temptation into sin. In the past century, status offences revolved around their sexuality (Gelsthorpe & Sharpe, 2006). Currently, the tendency is to criminalize their resistance, language, and even the way they dress and to spread great concern that young teen girls are increasingly turning to drugs, alcohol and violent crime, instead of only status offenses. Young women have relocated their social activities from home to the more publicly visible streets and clubs, a move that has set off moral alarms in society. Society has responded, most

Explain How Advertising may be used as Barrier to Entry of New firms Coursework

Explain How Advertising may be used as Barrier to Entry of New firms Into an Industry - Coursework Example Now both these definitions focus on how advertising is seen as a significant metaphor for marketing a product or service which holds importance within the realms of an organization (Starbuck, 2010:49). This paper discusses how advertising has been used as a barrier towards entry of new firms within an industry which can even span another country or region for that matter. The need is to understand how different sorts of advertising exist within the world of marketing. These could be comprised under the product advertising, service level advertising, consumer advertising, business to business (or trade) advertising, digital advertising, experiential advertising and a number of other tenets that are given significance. Essentially speaking, all forms of advertising look to address where the customer is headed and how to draw his attention which shall eventually make a sale if he feels interested (Molho, 1994:66). Advertising allows him to feel interested, get away from the competing products or services that stand in the way of this product or service which is being advertised, and so on. Advertising can be used for a number of reasons and when the need is to act as a barrier to entry of new firms within an industry, its objective becomes different. This is because advertising aims to make a sale but if the end goal is to disallow others to come forward and avoid their sales process, then perhaps this form of marketing communication is playing a somewhat distinctive role in entirety (Zottola & Parr, 2014). Advertising has changed its shape and form with the passage of time. Now the big players are doing their utmost to forbid others from entering their respective line of business. Bigger brands are doing it all the time (Tremblay, 2001:145). They are enacting strategies that shall make this happen in one way or the other. However, what must be comprehended here is the reason as to why advertising is being used as a barrier to entry and

I attaced all information below.(file) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I attaced all information below.(file) - Essay Example As such, this article discusses community from the perspective of a nation-state. The second article evaluates the notion of power and its influence on individuals as they move up the organizational ladder. The article contradicts the suggestions of the 16th century philosopher, Machiavelli, who suggested that a leader should prefer dominance and fear to love in the course of attaining eminence. The third article suggests that property rights in America have diminished people’s freedom. Using the arguments of Rousseau over issues such as property rights and individuality, the article’s author highlights the fact that these rights have enhanced people’s greed thereby diminishing the good for the society (i.e., a nation-state). Aristotle was a firm believer in democracy and maintained that a nation was supposed to based on a constitution that catered to the aspirations of the middle classes. In his philosophical work titled ‘Politics’, Aristotle says the following about democracy (Aristotle, 1977): Thus, social justice according to Aristotle was applicable to all peoples who were unqualifiedly equal. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), which was passed in 2010, is an attempt in this direction by the Obama administration at delivering healthcare to poor and middle-class Americans (especially those without adequate medical insurance) and ensuring that more funds are allocated towards providing universal healthcare. Jonah Lehrer compares the recent events in Hewlett Packard with regards to the downfall of its CEO (Chief Executive Officer) against the principles suggested by Machiavelli on leadership and observes that his teachings do not find any place in the modern context. In today’s organizational structures where a single person no longer holds absolute power, the author found that

Early Years Foundation Stage

Early Years Foundation Stage Children are the most vulnerable people who have innate potentials yearning to be unleashed. It is in their early childhood when they begin to manifest such potentials and since they have yet to develop physically, cognitively and socio-emotionally, they would need supportive adults to guide them towards the right path in optimizing their potentials. The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is a resource for early childhood care and education practitioners to support the needs of young children under their care. It sets standards for learning, development and care for children up to five years of age. EYFS provides a wide variety of information on child development to help practitioners understand how children grow and what they need to help them optimize their potentials (Tickell, 2011). The use of this resource will effectively enable early childhood settings to meet the key outcomes outlined in Every Child Matters and to ensure that high quality service is provided to the children. Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) In early childhood, caring for all children involves many considerations. One is to see each child at his or her own developmental level and create activities and opportunities appropriate to their particular levels. The child needs to develop holistically, meaning each developmental area is given attention to so growth and development as a whole person ensues. The crucial areas of development that need to be emphasized in early learning are Personal, social and emotional development; Communication and language Physical development (Department of Education, 2012). Aside from these major areas, the children also need to develop skills in literacy, mathematics, understanding the world and expressive arts and design (Department of Education, 2012) These are all linked together, as in development in one area affects the others. The practitioner needs careful planning and implementation of activities so that children under their care grow in all areas. The EFYS works around four essential themes namely: A unique child; positive relationships; enabling environments and learning and development (Department of Education, 2012). These themes are briefly explained as follows. Each child is born with his or her own set of talents and potentials, and these are meant to be developed all throughout his life. The practitioner is to help the child develop his or her potentials to the fullest by providing him with activities and experiences to hone his skills. If the child shows propensity for the arts, the practitioner allows him or her to indulge in creative activities of interest to the child (Tickell, 2011). EYFSs theme of positive relationships enables children to grow up in environments that make them feel love and security from their homes or learning environments, making them grow up to be self-confident, self-propelling people. Supportive adults help children understand the emotions they undergo, especially if these feelings are negative and confusing to the child (anger, disappointment, jealousy, etc.). In being understood, the children themselves learn to be sensitive to others feelings and provide the same support and understanding to them, creating a circle The key of positive relationships. The outcomes specified in Every Child Matters are met in such positive environments (Department of Education, 2012). The theme of provision of enabling environments for children play a key role in helping and guiding children in growing to be capable individuals. This entails a practitioners keen observation of each child, as to his or her interests, skills, personality traits, etc. and get cues from the children themselves as to how they would like their learning to be structured. Careful planning of activities for children should consider important concepts and skills they should be learning at their developmental level. Again, this agrees with the constructivists view of childrens learning that they are capable of treading their own learning paths they themselves construct of course with the able guidance of a sensitive adult (Tickell, 2011). Lastly, EYFSs theme of learning and development helps practitioners understand that children develop and learn in different ways and at their own time. Each area of learning and development specified by EYFS is equally important and inter-connect with the others, so practitioners must make sure that they do not concentrate on only one area of learning at a time (Department of Education, 2012). Role and Value of Play EYFS recognizes the importance of play in childhood, as it provides many benefits. Wood (2004) contends that in maximizing the potentials of play as a teaching tool, adults have a great role to play in planning challenging environments, engaging children in learning from play activities, facilitating childrens language development, observing and evaluating childrens learning through play and encouraging its continuity and progress. Infants, toddlers and pre-schoolers derive much benefit from a play-based curriculum, and under the supervision of knowledgeable and caring adults, it is a powerful method in facilitating the development of childrens identities. During play, children demonstrate improved verbal communications, high levels of social and interaction skills, creative use of play materials, imaginative and divergent thinking skills and problem-solving capabilities (Wood, 2004, p. 21). Free exploration is considered Heuristic play by Holland (2003). It is encouraged without adult intervention. Adults simply provide simple materials and allow the child to just be and let his imagination take off . The child learns from observing directly what these objects will do or not do, in sharp contrast to much of the educational equipment which has a result predetermined by the design which has been devised by the adult maker (Holland, 2003, p. 142). Heuristic play will not only stimulate a childs thinking, but it also develops his creativity as he will see in his mind endless possibilities in imaginatively transforming ordinary objects into various things with various functions. Early childhood curriculum should incorporate play in its design. Play is essential to childrens learning, as it is one effective approach to captivate their interest. Teachers should take advantage of this and plan challenging learning environments to support their students learning through planned play activity. Aside from this, the teacher also needs to know how to support their spontaneous play and help them develop their language, communication skills and other developmental skills through interesting and fun play-like activities. Moyles et al (2001) claim that ironically, a learning environment that relies much on play leads to more mature forms of knowledge, skills and understanding. There is evidence to suggest that through play children develop high levels of verbal skill and creative problem solving capabilities EYFS and Other Early Years Programmes Several early childhood programmes share the same philosophy as those espoused by EYFS (Tickell, 2011). These programs have curriculums designed with the child at the center and all else caters to him to support his growth and development and the realization of his potentials. One is the Te Whaariki early childhood curriculum of New Zealand and the other is Reggio Emilia based in Italy. The Te Whaariki curriculum values play as an effective tool in facilitating childrens learning and development. Pedagogical models with strong sociocultural features such as Te Whariki do not leave play to chance but sustains it through complex reciprocal and responsive relationships as well as provision of activities which are socially constructed and mediated (Wood, 2004). Not only do activities promote self-awareness but also incorporate cultural awareness which strengthens childrens cultural identities. Webber (n.d.) summarizes what research has found out to maximize childrens learning as incorporating cultural content; reflecting cultural values, attitudes and practices; utilizing culturally preferred ways of learning, including culturally appropriate support; and affirming cultural identity (p. 9). This means they should be exposed to the songs, stories, games, etc. inherent in their family and cultural backgrounds. Much of these can be incorporated in play situations. Malaguzzi, founder of Reggio Emilia philosophy (1993) concludes that teachers should be researchers that think and produce a true curriculum centered on childrens needs. Teachers develop a curriculum from observing the children and noting down their developmental skills, interests and other possibilities they can discover on their own within the parameters of safety. This curriculum envisions implementation in an environment organized by teachers to be rich in possibilities and provocations that challenge children to explore, problem-solve, usually in small groups while the teachers act as keen observers or recorders of the childrens learning. Teachers get to balance their role by sometimes joining the circle of children and sometimes objectively remaining outside the loop (Pope Edwards, 2002). Teachers are on hand to provide assistance or further challenge childrens thinking to push them to optimize their potentials. They also observe childrens behaviors to see which of their needs need to be met (Lambert Clyde, 2000) and design opportunities to address such needs either through the curriculum or through their social interactions. Reggio Emilia schools provide an ideal learning environment for children. Since the approach was conceived in the context of shared learning with the families and other adults in the community contributing to the education of the young, it has the support it needs to implement a curriculum that best suits the needs of the growing child. It is commendable that the families and community members value their childrens education seriously that they take time to collaborate with the teachers in projects children do (Early Education Support, 2006). Knowing that children at the early childhood stage are concrete learners, much emphasis is given to the creative arts that the presence of an atelierista or Art consultant is vital in the program. Children are given several opportunities to explore their artistic side as they are provided with all the materials and conducive learning environment in the atelier or art studio within the school. Childrens 100 languages are given vent in various forms of art and other developmentally-appropriate activities. Not to be forgotten are learnings in literacy and numeracy which are likewise essential to childrens development. However, since it is the process which is given priority over the product, academics are learned in less structured ways. Learning is evidenced in highly documented portfolios which contain actual works of children, photographs of their projects and even transcripts of their language while working on some activities. Teachers observations are important since they need to document each childs episode of learning. Each portfolio is vastly different. Teachers and parents discuss childrens portfolios at parent teacher conferences to see evidences of progress. Teachers are also using digital portfolios. They may use these to complement the original portfolio of the child or alone. The portfolio assessment gives a clearer and more accurate picture of what children learn in school rather than a report card that serves to summarize learning in a particular period of time. Inclusion and Diversity in EYFS Practitioners with a genuine heart for caring for children are not prejudiced in selecting who to care for. According to EYFS principles, Children should be treated fairly regardless of race, religion or abilities. This applies no matter what they think or say; what type of family they come from; what language(s) they speak; what their parents do; whether they are girls or boys; whether they have a disability or whether they are rich or poor. All children have an equal right to be listened to and valued in the setting. (EYFS, 2007). Diversity is embraced so everyone is welcome to be part of the class. Inclusion of children with disabilities or special education needs is likewise advocated by EYFS. Inclusion settings should design the environment to accommodate such children like providing ramps for children in wheelchairs. At the same time, they should seek the support of the childrens parents and other agencies involved with children with special needs. Professionals from a wide variety of fields and disciplines devote much time and energy in helping these children live comfortable and fulfilling lives with the end view of mainstreaming them into society and the real world. Educators, therapists, psychologists, speech pathologists, physicians, social workers and even government officials join hands in the care and education of these children to ensure their optimum growth and development. The children may be part of the social care team. They have the ability to help each other in their interactions. Children, both normal and with special needs are subsequently paired in natural settings for social activities. The most direct outcome of these procedures has been an increase in positive social responses and peer acceptance. Strategies for peers to use include, soliciting the students attention, providing choices, modeling appropriate social behavior, reinforcing attempts at functional play, encouraging/ extending conversation, turn taking, narrating play and teaching responsiveness to multiple cues. (Benito Ramirez, 2000, p. 43). Conclusion Such information provided herein helps the practitioner plan a good program for children. Bearing in mind that each childs individual need should be met, a practitioner may group children with similar ages or ability levels together and manage the different groups in accordance to their developmental and individual needs. Practitioners should have enough flexibility in planning activities for children. Following their lead in terms of interests shared by the majority of children is one effective way of capturing their attention and motivating them to develop skills. To ensure that each individual in the group is provided with the necessary attention and care, the practitioner should be keen in observing their needs and interests so she is mindful of these when planning activities for them. Collaborating with parents is another way of gaining information on each childs interest, abilities and personal qualities. In the matter of addressing the key outcomes identified by Every Child Matters, EYFS is likewise very much concerned in the well-being of children and attempt to pursue its goals of keeping children healthy, safe, happy and capable, and being healthy, staying safe, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution and achieve economic well-being by not going hungry, unclothed or unsheltered. That is why its advocacy is to uphold the best interests of children. These five outcomes go for all children regardless of their background or circumstances. The outcomes are mutually reinforcing, as when one outcome is met, the others are more likely to follow. For instance, young people learn better when they are healthy and safe. Also, education is the best route out of poverty. With all the support from EYFS, the government and agencies involved with children, early childhood practitioners have no reason not to provide high quality service to their clients. Theirs is the most vulnerable lot and deserve the utmost care, since they hold the keys to the future. Understanding the needs and developmental growth of very young children enables the practitioner to plan very well for appropriate activities that would optimize their potentials.

Cloud Computing Essay -- Technology, Cyber Criminals

â€Æ' Introduction Over the past several years the term cloud computing has become common in homes and organizations alike. Cloud computing can be defined as a pooled set of computing resources that are furnished via the internet. There are three types of cloud services typically available, these services are Platform as a Service (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). Organizations can benefit greatly from cloud services because they eliminate the need to buy and manage physical resources. Although such an action cuts cost it leaves organization victim to the vulnerabilities and threats that exist in cloud computing. Throughout this paper I will discuss the vulnerabilities and threats that come along with the adoption of cloud computing. In addition, I will discuss standards and policies that effectively manage the risk associated with cloud computing. Threats & Vulnerabilities The abuse and nefarious use of cloud computing is a threat to any organization that takes advantage of cloud services. Most providers of cloud services make it all too easy for cyber criminals to register for service, all that is need to register for service with many providers is a valid credit card (Cloud Security Alliance, 2011). In addition to the ease of registration providers offer free trials of their services allowing attacker to carry out attacks covertly on cloud services. By gaining such access cyber criminals can deploy malicious code, abuse known exploits, and send spam messages to those that are sharing the same resources. Organizations are aware that threats can be internal as well as external, those that provide cloud services are no exception. The people who the service providers employ can pose... ...ncy use(CIO, 2011). FedRAMP is not alone in the effort to create standards regarding cloud computing. The National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) has published two draft publications specifically related to cloud computing. The first document, Special Publication 800-145 (Draft), has been created provide the NIST definition of cloud computing. The NIST has defined as the following: â€Å"Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.† (NIST, 2011)

Factors affecting math performance of the students

The actual coding of a program is done by a(n) a) systems analyst b) software engineer c) end-user d) database administrator Answer: B Difficulty level: Easy page: 389 Response: Software engineers would complete the coding of a program. . Program objectives, desired outputs, needed inputs, and processing requirements are all recorded in the a) program tracking log project management database program specifications document c) d) management information system Answer: C Difficulty level: 389 page: 390 Response: All of these items are outlined in the program specifications document. 4. The information software produces after it has processed the input is called a) flowchart b) output c) objective prototype Response: The output is what has been produced after the input has been processed. 5.The information that a program requires in order to accomplish its objective is called the a) data contribution c) effort input Answer: D Response: Once you know the output, you then determine the inp ut data and the source of this data. 6. The program's processing steps are grouped into logically-related programming statements called a) modules unit c) object component page: 392 Response: Processing steps are called program modules (modules). 7. Flowcharts and pseudopodia are examples of tools used in the program phase. A) specification b) design c) code d) test page: 393 Response: Pseudopodia and flowcharts are tools used in program design. . The programming tool that uses linked symbols to show the sequence of steps needed to solve a programming problem. A) grid table pseudopodia c) algorithm d) flowchart Response: Flowcharts graphically present the detailed sequence of steps needed to solve a program by using symbols. 9. In a(n) structure, one statement follows the other with no conditions having to be met. A) selection b) loop sequence conditional Response: In the sequence structure, one program statement follows another. 10. The structure involves repeating a sequence until a condition is met. A) loop selectionResponse: A loop structure will repeat so long as a certain condition remains true. 11. An IF-THEN-ELSE statement is part of the structure. A) loop Response: IF-THEN-ELSE structures are part of the selection structure. 12. In the course of creating program specifications, the end-user should sketch out the desired a) splash logo icon Response: The end-users should sketch out the desired output that they want out of the computer system. 13. The control structure used to perform a series of statements one after the other is called a) sequential c) loop random Response: In the sequential structure, one program statement follows another. . When a program makes a true or false decision, it is an example of a(n) logic structure. A) if-then-else b) do until c) do while d) what-if Response: If-then-else resembles a true/false decision. 15. When a program repeats a portion of software code as long as a certain condition doesn't exist, it's using a(n) str ucture. A) Response: This is an example of the do until structure. 16. The actual writing of a program in a programming language is called a) program design b) logic structure language translation d) coding page: 396 Response: Writing the program is called coding. 17.Which of the following is not necessary for a good program? A) reliability catches common errors colorful graphics d) well-documented Response: Colorful graphics are not necessary for a good program. 18. Eliminating errors in a program is also called the program. A) debugging b) modularizing c) coding clarifying page: 399 Response: Debugging is testing a program and eliminating errors. 19. A program error that violates the grammar rules of the programming language is a(n) error. A) modular b) logic syntax language Response: Syntax error is a violation of the grammar rules of the programming language. . Error could be the result of the programmer making an incorrect calculation. A) b) general protection c) logic breakpoi nt Response: Logic errors are created by incorrect or missing specifications. 21. Refers to testing by a select group of potential users in the final stage of testing a program. A) Manual testing b) Desk checking c) Attempt at translation d) Beta testing page: 400 Response: Beta testing refers to testing by a select group of potential users in the final stage of testing a program. Re explanations that tell other programmers In programming, what's happening in the software code. ) restrictions b) tables c) documentation d) selections Response: Documentation is written to explain what is happening in the software code. 23. As much as percent of the total lifetime cost for an application program is for maintenance. A) d) 75% Difficulty level: Hard page: 402 Response: As much as 75% of the total lifetime cost for an application program is for maintenance. 24. Which of the following refers to tools that are used to design, code, and test software? ) XML b) CAD c) CASE d) pop page: 403 Re sponse: CASE tools are used to automate the development process. They can aid n program design, coding, and testing. 25. Software that helps programmers prepare reports, draw flowcharts, and generate software code for prototypes is a(n) a) CAUSE (computer assisted Unix software environment) tool b) CASE (computer aided software engineering) tool c) COOL (computer licensed operations code) tool d) CULL (combined users licensed protocols) tool Response: CASE tools help programmers prepare these items. 26.Object-oriented programming is a type of assembler language a) b) allows you to interact with objects when coding software c) is a type of machine language inverts source code into machine language code Answer: B page: 404 Response: Object-oriented programming focuses on letting you interact with the objects (defined procedures) when coding software. 27. POP languages use combinations of objects natural and nonprocedural statements binary coded instructions d) abbreviations and mnemon ic Difficult level: Easy Response: Object-oriented programming uses combinations of objects. 8. Machine language is composed only of a) keyword statements b) hexadecimal numbers c) memory address toggles d) So and Is page: 405 Response: Machine language is composed of Is and So. 9. Language is made up only of binary digits. A) Procedural b) Machine c) Assembly d) Natural Response: Machine language uses binary code. Which of the following lines of code comes from a first generation computer language? A) b) 00010 1010 1101 0001 1010 this Total=Total + Totals set total to sum of totals Response: Machine language (first generation) used So and Is. 1. These languages use abbreviations and mnemonics that make it easier for humans to understand. A) assembly b) machine language d) COBOL Response: Assembly language uses abbreviations or mnemonics that make it easier or humans to understand and use. 32. Languages are designed to express the logic used instead of Just performing calculations. A) Machine b) Procedural d) Low level Response: Procedural languages are designed to express the logic – the procedures – that can solve general problems. 3. Procedural languages are part of the generation of computer languages. A) first second third fourth Response: Procedural languages are part of the third generation of computer languages. Procedural languages must be translated into machine language using compiler or interpreter a(n) a) b) assembler interpolator ) application generator Response: Procedural languages must be translated into machine language using a compiler or interpreter. 35. A compiler performs the following function. ) translates and executes each program statement one at a time b) converts the source code into machine language code c) translates instruction codes from assembler language into machine language d) uses statements to tell objects to perform actions on themselves Answer: B Response: Compiler converts procedural language program (sour ce code) into a machine language code (object code). C++ is considered a A) machine language ) assembly language c) procedural language natural language Response: C++ is a procedural language. 7. Converts the programmer's procedural language program into a machine language. A) interpreter compiler d) analyst page:405 Response: A compiler converts procedural language program into machine language An interpreter performs the following function. A) translates and executes each line of code one at a time b) translates high-level language statements uses statements to tell objects to perform actions on themselves d) translates software code from assembly language into machine language Answer: AResponse: Interpreter converts the procedural language one statement at a time into machine code Just before it is executed. 39. Problem-oriented languages are which generation of language? A) first page: 406 Response: Problem-oriented languages are fourth generation languages. Fourth-generation la nguages use a) procedural statements nonprocedural statements c) assemblers symbols Response: Fourth-generation languages are nonprocedural languages.

The eNotes Blog 8 Latin American Authors and Poets You Need toRead

8 Latin American Authors and Poets You Need toRead As a student and young reader, I am often inundated with syllabi and must-read lists that beat me over the head with the â€Å"essentials.† One can only be told to read Twain, Austen, Faulkner, Dickens, and Hemingway so many times before one itches to rebel. What else is out there? There have to be other great books outside of the Western canon, right? Of course there are. The issue is that so many great books get lost in translation. Latin America in particular is rich in a history of struggle and resistance; this spirit is reflected best in its literature. From Borges in Argentina to Neruda in Chile, here are eight literary heroes who should be on your personal must-read list. Argentina Jose Luis Borges, Ficciones Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986) is one of the most important figures in Spanish language and Argentinean literature. His specific genre is hard to define, as he combines elements of surrealism, the human condition, time, and the metaphysical. In his collection of short stories Ficciones, Borges plays with the idea of paradoxes that readers are forced to puzzle out. What is real, and what is fiction? Ficciones won’t tell you, and it might drive you crazy; however, I’m not sure that Borges could distinguish between the two, himself. Alejandra Pizarnik, Extracting the Stone of Madness You cannot talk about Argentine poets without mentioning Alejandra Pizarnik (1936–1972). She was a central voice in Latin American poetry during the twentieth century. The poems in Extracting the Stone of Madness, like many of Pizarnik’s poems, draw readers into her personal turmoil. Pizarnik has a unique style of confession in that provides no answers, only tension. We are invited into the poet’s musings on solitude, madness, and death. It is impossible, with her candidness, for us not to reflect on those topics ourselves. Colombia Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez, Chronicle of a Death Foretold Garcà ­a Mrquez (1927–2014) was simultaneously a talented journalist, short story writer, and novelist, having won the Nobel Peace Prize for Literature in 1982- he was the fourth Latin American to do so. He was affectionately known in Colombia as â€Å"Gabo.† The very beginning of Chronicle of a Death Foretold tells us that Santiago Nasar has been murdered. It’s the â€Å"how† and the â€Å"why† that we’re interested in, and we learn those details through a very non-linear storyline. It’s a fascinating story of honor, shame, duty, and complicity. How can a village allow a man to be murdered, when the murderers themselves warn them? Laura Restrepo, The Angel of Galilea Laura Restrepo (1950–) is a Colombian writer who has transitioned from political columns to best-selling novels. Although she was never afraid to voice her opinions when it came to war and negotiations, this caused death threats which resulted in a six-year exile in Mexico. To this day, Restrepo divides her time between Bogot and Mexico City. In The Angel of Galilea, we see the influence of Restrepo’s past in the main character, Mona, who is a formerly optimistic Colombian journalist. Mona is sent to the village of Galilea, in the slums of Bogot, to investigate sightings of an angel. Drug addiction, abuse, incarceration, love, and angels- what more could you want? Peru Cà ©sar Vallejo, Trilce Peru has a rich history of literary giants, and Cà ©sar Vallejo (1892–1938) is one of them. It is impossible to read his poetry without seeing Vallejo’s true inner nature: full of desire for justice, full of sadness, intensely averse to pain- his own and others. Trilce is Cà ©sar Vallejo’s best-known book of poetry. His poems often defy interpretation, or perhaps they offer too many possible interpretations. The emotion is undeniable, however, and opens the door for us to see how Vallejo juggles the power of language with the power of lived experience. Mario Vargas Llosa, The Time of the Hero Mario Vargas Llosa (1936– )is another recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature. Vargas Llosa is overtly political in his writing, which makes sense, considering he has also made a career for himself as a journalist and politician in Peru. In The Time of the Hero, Vargas Llosa critiques Peruvian society in particular and hierarchical structures in general. The novel follows four boys in the Leoncio Prado Military Academy in Lima, Peru, as they grow and come to terms with the fact that their fates are inescapable. Chile Isabel Allende, House of the Spirits Isabel Allende (1942– ) uses aspects of magical realism in her novels- novels that often are tributes to powerful women operating in situations where they have little power. Allende has had United States Citizenship since 1993 and was awarded the 2014 Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Obama. House of the Spirits spans generations, social divides, and political divides of a single family. What is the difference between love and possession? Can there be love without possession? Allende explores the theme of injustice when it comes to gender, social class, and who is allowed to be self-determining. Pablo Neruda, One Hundred Love Sonnets Pablo Neruda (1904–1973) became known as the people’s poet, and it’s easy to see why- he was a diplomat, Chilean consul to Argentina and Mexico, member of the Chilean Senate, opponent of repressive policies, and prolific writer. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1971. One Hundred Love Sonnets isn’t the only tribute that Neruda made to his wife, Matilde Urrutia, but it is a fantastic one. If you’re looking for romance, look no further than the man who wrote, â€Å"I want to do to you what spring does with the cherry blossoms.†

Vocabulary Tips Words You Never Knew Were Latin!

Vocabulary Tips Words You Never Knew Were Latin! Words You Never Knew Were Latin! Some of you may know someone who shows off by dropping Latin phrases into conversation. But Latin isn’t all about sounding pretentious. Hundreds of common English words have Latin origins. We even spell some words the same as the Romans used to! In this blog post, then, we’re looking at a few English terms that you may already use in your written work without realizing where they come from. 1. Campus Latin Academic writing is full of obscure Latin words. But there are some more familiar terms you’ll hear on campus that come from Latin. One of these, in fact, is â€Å"campus.† In Roman times, this word simply meant â€Å"field.† It was first used for a college campus to describe a field near the College of New Jersey (now better known as Princeton University) in 1774. The original college campus.(Photo: Filipe Fortes/flickr) Other Latin terms that have found a place in academia include â€Å"thesis† (which originally meant â€Å"to set down†) and â€Å"calculus† (which comes from a small pebble used for counting). 2. Did Romans Drive Cars? The Romans were better known for chariots than motor vehicles, but they did invent the word â€Å"motor.† This meant â€Å"mover,† so it was later applied to any machine that supplies power. Turtle-powered chariots never caught on. And given that we use the word â€Å"motor† in relation to cars, it is appropriate that â€Å"petroleum† also comes from Latin. To be specific, it’s a medieval combination of the words for â€Å"rock† (petra) and â€Å"oil† (oleum). But we wouldn’t recommend asking for â€Å"rock oil† at the gas station. 3. Cinnamon on Asparagus Food has changed a lot since ancient Rome, but we do still use some Latin terms when we’re hungry! These include â€Å"asparagus,† â€Å"citrus,† and â€Å"cinnamon.† In addition, if you enjoy the traditional approach of combining ingredients while making a meal, you might follow a â€Å"recipe.† 4. The End of the Year The Roman calendar only had ten months to begin with, so it was different from ours. But we do get our month names from Latin, including three that are unchanged: October, November, and December. As the names suggest, these were originally the eighth, ninth, and tenth months in the year. Going from this image, were guessing December was the month of snake stretching.(Photo: Ad Meskens/Wikimedia) Later, however, Julius and Augustus (now July and August) were introduced after June (or Junius as it was then). Despite their names, October, November, and December thus became the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth months of the year respectively. This makes it even stranger that these terms are still spelled the same as they were more than 2000 years ago!

Psychological Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychological Disorders - Essay Example Michael starts to suspect David after some events and the suspicion grows stronger when he quits his job only because he was asked to show his identity card. Michael heirs an investigator to conduct deep search on this but David finds this out and kills her. Michael then with the help of his girlfriend goes to the basement to check out the lockers his stepfather had made and finds the dead body of his father. David also wakes up and traps him in the basement; in this commotion Susan wakes up and becomes shocked. Michael manages to come out and finds his mother and girlfriend but again gets tapped by David and then fights him and both of them falls of the roof to the ground and becomes unconscious. He wakes up a month later and finds out that David is still alive. In the end he is again shown getting involved with some other family (The stepfather, 2010) David was habitual of keeping everything clean and perfectly set and most of the time he used to spend time keeping everything perfect and whatever he did he wanted it to be perfect and in order and it is a symptom that the patient performs repetitive tasks (Menzies, De, 2003). It is also a symptom that the patient changes his name and personality and in this film David exhibited this symptom as well. David never tried to consult any doctor or any professional to get rid of this illness. In the film it is not shown the reason of how David got this illness. Therapies like behavioral therapy is the most effective method to make the patient get rid of this disorder (Giddens,

Final Exam Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Final Exam - Coursework Example Since the northern states had more private wealth of their own, the southern government had to borrow money from them and help restore their economy (Knowles & Healey, 2006). By the time the civil war was coming to an end, the value of the Confederate dollar had really dropped in comparison to the Union money. Life became so expensive in the south and people started starving due the inflation of the price of even basic needs including food commodities. Slavery was also legalized with most slaves being African Americans who worked nonstop in their employers’ cotton. With the slaves no longer available, it meant that no more cotton was being produced hence no income from it (Harris, 2008). In the political realm, southern leaders came back to the Washington capital and the federal government controlled each of the southern sates one by one. Abraham Lincoln initialized strategic plans for reconstructing the southern states. In the year 1865, he introduced a bureau that gave the once slaves a right to get educated, be employed with better jobs and get good healthcare. An amendment was also introduced that totally did away with the once legalized slavery. On my own individual account, I would have liked to live from the years 1866 onwards due to the good leadership implemented by Lincoln because there were job opportunities, good healthcare facilities and also the southern and northern states were united (Gillman, 2002). In the 20th century, the U.S historical course changed whereby a great industrial revolution took place, to the extent of becoming the best in the world in terms of industrial management and output. Availability of land, labour, natural resources, capital and good transport networks lead to production and transport of many goods and services that increased the annual income of the citizens after the previous inflation. The present-day America has got large and